Robotic Assisted Surgery - 16730 Words

Robotic Assisted Surgery Research Project LAS 432 Professor Scott Maxon Team B Richard Field Melissa Cutrer Charles Engle Ryan Ferree Nada Dakroub Yarin Garcia Miralles Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....4-5 I. Description of the Technology (Melissa Cutrer)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5-12 II. History of the Technology (Melissa Cutrer)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.12-17 III. Political and Legal Influences (Richard Field)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.17-27 IV. Economic Issues (Charles Engle)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.27-35 V. Psychological and Sociological Effects (Nada Dakroub)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ 35-44 VI. Cultural and Artistic Considerations (Ryan Ferree)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.44-50 VII.†¦show more content†¦Included in the discussion of their cultures we will also touch on the way some countries feel about these types of technology. It will be important for us to also talk about the environment. Then, finally, we must talk about both the moral and ethical aspects of using robots to perform surgery. By researching and reporting these things, it is our desire for everyone to not only have a better understanding of the technology, but to consider it as an alternate source, if needed in the future. It is technology like robotic assisted surgery that will help us have the long, healthy lives we all desire. Description of the Technology (Melissa Cutrer) Description Computer assisted surgery and robotic assisted surgery are both technology developments that use robotic systems to aid surgeons in surgical procedures. The term robot was first coined by the Czech playwright, Karel Capek, in 1921 in his play Rossom s Universal Robots. The word robot is from the check word â€Å"robota† which means forced labor. (Palep, 2009). Robots are taking on more of a role outside of just imagination but in reality. Robots were once known as machines that performed repetitive tasks and now they have taken on the role of being known as highly intelligent robots and are becoming popular in culture with human like characteristics. Even though robots still areShow MoreRelatedRobot Assisted Surgery : Robotic System1933 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: Robot assisted surgeries are the surgical procedures that utilize a robotic system controlled by a physician or the surgeon himself via a computer. The robotic system has an attached camera to help the operator to see the organ being operated. These systems are known for their precision, accuracy, delicacy and efficient controlling options. Since their invention they have been used and are currently used in urological, neurological, endoscopic, cardiovascular and gynecological surgeries and operationRead MoreRole Of Laparoscopic, Robotic Assisted And Open Surgery Essay3228 Words   |  13 PagesRole of laparoscopic, robotic assisted and open surgery in management of stones. Introduction: Humans are suffering from the urolithiasis from time before the recorded history. Urolithiasis have been found in the Egyptian mummy dating 4800BC(1).Surgery for urolithiasis was done in ancient Greek and Roman civilizations but these surgeries were mainly focused as treatment for complications of stone diseases like pyonephrosis or fistulae. Ingalls performed first elective nephrolithotomy in 1872 inRead MoreThe Origin Of Surgical Robots1472 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Springer Handbook of Robotics, since the mid 1980s the growth of medical robots has significantly, and strikingly increased. Robotic surgery, also called robot assisted surgery, is using robotic surgical devices to allow a surgeon at a console to operate remote-controlled robotic arms which facilitate the performance of procedures (Barbash). These robots are classified by manipulator design, level of autonomy, targeted anatomy or technique and intended operating environment (Siciliano)Read MoreRobotic Surg ery : Surgical Surgery1746 Words   |  7 PagesRobotic Surgery Robots are used in everyday life. They are in cars, our houses, and many places we do not care to notice, as they have become a necessity for daily living. Advancements have been made, that allow for robots to be used in surgery. Robotic surgery is relatively new to the medical industry and it is often underrated. Robotic surgery offers greater efficiency, and utility than that provided through traditional surgical methods. The most traditional and common way of performing surgeryRead MoreRobotic Surgery Essay example14445 Words   |  58 PagesRobotic Surgery HUM432: Technology, Society, and Culture April 15, 2012 Table of Contents Abstract – Page 3 Introduction– page 4 Description of Robotic Surgery page 5 Applications of Robotic Surgery – page 4 – 7 History of Robotic Surgery - – page 8 Robotic Surgery –- page 9 Advantages of Robot-Assisted Surgery – page 9, 10 Disadvantages of Robotic Surgery – page 11, 12 Political Influences – page 13 - 16 Legal Influences – page 16 – 20 Economic Questions/ Considerations –Read MoreThe Impact Of Robotic Surgery On Surgery1561 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of Impact on Robotic Surgery Sandral Carter Devry University Robotic Surgery is a type of minimally invasive surgery with the use of robots that surgeons control. (Background and History of Surgical Robotics, 2017) The goal of using robots in medicine is to provide improved diagnostic abilities, a less invasive and more comfortable experience for the patient, and the ability to do smaller and more precise interventions. Robotic surgery is increasing in popularity inRead MoreRobotics in Surgery5226 Words   |  21 PagesRobotics in Surgery Snehal S. Mayekar Department of Biomedical Engineering, YTIET, Bhivpuri Road, Karjat. sm.little.snail@gmail.com Abstract-- Objective: Tracking the progress of new Robotic Surgery techniques, their limitations and future scope. Background: The field of robotics has the potentialRead MoreHow Medical Robotics Affect Healthcare Costs And Patient Safety2436 Words   |  10 Pagesthis holds true for is healthcare, specifically robotics in healthcare. Imagine entering into a surgery room and seeing less medical professional and more machines. How would that make you feel? As the development of these new medical technologies continues, the list of pros and cons will grow too from those who critic them from an ethical, societal, and global level. There are ethical concerns that are raised by public regarding how medical robotics will affect healthcare costs and patient safetyRead MoreThe Effect Of Artificial Intelligence On The Medical Industry1097 Words   |  5 Pagesrequire human intelligence. In the scientific industry, artificial intelligence is used to assist surgeons in surgery, called robotic surgery and is most likely to become the most dominant form of surgery. Robot assisted surgery has been prevalent for about ten years now, and is becoming popular in many industries. From an aeronautical point of view, NASA is implementing robotic surgery for astronauts in space, in case of emergencies. From a military standpoint, the Pentagon is investing their timeRead MoreThe First Surgical Robot, By Dr. James Mcewen And Geof Auchinlek1963 Words   |  8 PagesDr. James McEwen and Geof Auchinlek and was in collaboration with an orthopedic surgeon by the name of Dr. Brian Day. There was even a movie produced by National Geographic on robotics that featured the Arthrobot. Around the same time, other medical robots were developed including a robotic arm that performed eye surgery and another that acted as an operating assistant by handing surgeons instruments by responding to voice commands. In 1985, another robot called the Puma 560 was used to place

Profitability Analysis and Analytical Issues - 11306 Words

140 SU 3: Profitability Analysis and Analytical Issues QUESTIONS 3.1 Profitability Ratios Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following information. The financial statements for Dividendosaurus, Inc., for the current year are as follows: Balance Sheet Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Net fixed assets Total $100 200 50 600 $950 Accounts payable Long-term debt Capital stock Retained earnings Total $140 300 260 250 $950 1. Dividendosaurus has return on assets of A. 21.1% B. 39.2% C. 42.1% D. 45.3% 2. Dividendosaurus has a profit margin of A. 6.67% B. 13.33% C. 14.33% D. 46.67% 3. In the current year, Griffin Inc. had $15 million in sales, while total fixed costs were held to $6 million.†¦show more content†¦The dividend is payable on June 24 to all stockholders of record as of June 17. Excerpts from the statement of financial position for Jensen Corporation as of May 31 are presented as follows. Cash Accounts receivable (net) Inventories Total current assets $ 400,000 800,000 1,200,000 $2,400,000 Total current liabilities $1,000,000 Assume that the only transactions to affect Jensen Corporation during June are the dividend transactions. 5. Jensen’s total stockholders’ equity would be A. Unchanged by the dividend declaration and decreased by the dividend payment. B. Decreased by the dividend declaration and increased by the dividend payment. Answer (D) is correct. (CMA, adapted) REQUIRED: The impact on total stockholders’ equity of dividend declaration and payment. DISCUSSION: A dividend declaration reduces retained earnings and thus total stockholders’ equity. The subsequent payment will have no effect on stockholders’ equity since only cash and dividends payable are reduced. C. Unchanged by either the dividend declaration or the dividend payment. D. Decreased by the dividend declaration and unchanged by the dividend payment. 6. 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Walmart is an organization that uses analytics extensively and systematically to outthink and execute the competition. Walmart has gained competitive advantage by following four pillars of analytical competition. These

Nursing Home and Health Free Essays

string(31) " containers prior to disposal\." Employers have responsibilities to protect the health, safety and well-being of users, employees and other people who might be in their organisation. Employers must do whatsoever it takes to achieve it. This means ensuring that staff and others are protected from anything that may cause harm, efficiently controlling any risks to injury or health that might arise in the workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Home and Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is an obligation for the employers to create health and safety environment in the workplace and they must follow the policies, legislation and laws which is enforces by the government and local agencies. Employers must take part in determining and identifying hazards and risks in the organisations. They must ensure that all the equipment which are being used to serve users are well checked and maintained the quality to avoid equipment related injuries and hazards. They will arrange training for the staffs regarding health and safety in their organisation. They will help staffs to increase their knowledge regarding their service and health and safety. They will do regular risk assessment in the organisation. Managers and supervisors must supervise employees and monitor their work regularly and make ure that employees are following organisation’s policies and laws correctly. t any statt having some problem or doing something wrong, managers and supervisor therefore will help them to solve the problem or correct them. They will implement health and safety policies and laws in the organisation and monitor procedures and practices regularly. The employees’ right is to work in a safe and healthy environment which are given by law and normally can not be changed or removed by employer. It is the employee’s duty to follow and maintain the health and safety guidelines and procedures for all ime. They are the responsible to provide health and safety to the users and themselves. They will look for potential harm and hazards and injuries in the workplace and report those immediately to managers or supervisor, to take appropriate actions against those matters. Poor knowledge and skills may cause injuries and harm in the workplace for poor handling of equipment and tools. Large equipment must keep out of the way for safety reasons. Equipment and tools must be handling with proper knowledge otherwise it may cause serious harm and injuries to staffs and users. Chemicals and medicines must be kept in secured place which must be locked for all time and only certain people have access to those. Service users also follow the health and safety policies and procedures for themselves to keep them away from potential hazards and dangerous situations. 1. 3 Analyze are the health ; safety priorities in a workplace. Health and safety policies and procedures play an important role to maintain healthy and good environment in the workplace for users, and workers. It is vital to follow and maintain health and safety policies as it safes eople from harm and injuries and help staffs to accomplish their work on time and increase their efficiency. Healthy and safe environment gives workers the opportunity to do their best as much as possible. Users and others will feel secure as they are being cared correctly and given the best quality of service and they do not worry about workplace related accidents and risks. Sometimes carer has to perform physical works like lifting heavy objects, positioning and transporting/ transferring users. By doing this type of work carer need concentration about what they are doing or about to do. A slightest mistake in positioning, movements or stepping may cause serious injuries to the users or care workers. Users who is suffering from various problems like visual impairment, hearing and balance problems and so on. Visual impairment like blurring of vision as people gets older, unable to identify light and color and hyperemia, myopia and so on cause burns, bumping to wall or objects, going to the wrong room or place, taking the wrong medication and so on. Hearing and balance problem causes fracture and head injuries. Other common accidents of elder peoples are cognitive disorders, osteoporosis, and arthritis and so on. Healthy and safe environment minimise the occurrence of accidents. Authorities are responsible for setting policies, priorities and implementation in the workplace. Employers or home care managers will ensure health and safety for the employees first and then for the users. It is recommended to provide neat and well ventilated environment in the health and social care setting. All the setting will be properly titted in the health care settings like carpets should not be tolded or wiring must not be in the busy spaces and open. Stocks and documents are properly arranged according to the function and frequency of use. Warning systems are properly implemented in the workplace as staff can notice any risk immediately. Staff must be aware of health and safety guidelines. Ignorance of policies will augment health and safety related risk and injuries in the workplace. Any appropriate training must be providing to the staff to use risky equipment. First aid kits will be available in the working area and if any occurrence happens they will take immediate aid for reducing the injury or damage. Support handles and hand rails will be provided sufficiently to those places where people pass more frequently or the area with high ossibilities of falls and trips. For preventing slipping rubber mats will be used. There will be emergency evacuation passage in the working place. Cleanliness is very important for health and safety. A clean environment is less vulnerable to get diseases. Food poisoning may happen for poor food sanitation, storage and preparation. Cook must be aware of proper food sanitation and food handling. Toilet, kitchen and public activity room must clean and clean regularly. Staff must clean their hands with sanitisation before start their work or serving any users. All kind of waste will be managed and disposed properly. Sharp objects should be placed in puncture resistant containers prior to disposal. You read "Nursing Home and Health" in category "Papers" By following the above mentioned process it is possible to maintain health and safety in the health and social care workplace. 2. 1 Analyze how information from risk assessment helps in care planning of a workplace. What is a care plan? Each user must have they own care plan such as: care home, residential care home, hospital and day center. User’s care plan will cover: Their eligible needs How they would like to achieve their goals They pass life and family members Health condition and medication They diet Any support that carers or other are willing and able to provide, and carers views A risk assessment, including any actions that will be taken to manage risks Who should be contact in case of emergencies The name of the person responsible for implementing, monitoring and reviewing the care plan The date of the next review of the care plan The care plan should be reviewed after the first three months, and then at least annually. The review looks at whether the goals that were identified in the care plan are being met. It should also review these goals to make sure they are still ppropriate, and check that any risk assessments are up to date. Risk assessment is a compulsory and essential in the workplace to ensure health and safety. The risk assessment comprises identification of risks and hazards, which is responsible for that and who will be affected by risks and hazards and how to minimise risks and improve the health and safety condition in the workplace. After doing the risk assessment, manager and supervisor will get some useful information which will help them to formulate a plan of care. The purpose of risk assessment is to protect users and care providers trom abuse, harms and risks The first step ot risk assessment is to identify the causes, things, situations and practices which may create risk in a working environment. Risks in the workplace are chemical or devices, work environment setup hazards, disorganised wiring, slippery flooring, loose carpets, high stacks of boxes, disorganised stuffs and cluttered pathways and so on. https://donemyessay.com/5-rights-of-nursing-delegation/ An expertise or an officer will observe the workplace and identify those substances which may create harm and risk in the workplace. This help to concern staff and avoid those harms and risk occurring in the workplace. The second step is to identify ho are at risk for those hazards. An experienced and skilled person will serve the infected person or who is vulnerable of those risk. Vulnerable persons are exposed minimally or prevented in such a way that they will fall less in injuries or accidents. The third step is to make a plan which is a combination of prevention and solution to minimise risks in the actual care plans. After making the plan, all the plans are executed and implemented. After the implementation, plans are reviewed regularly and revised if necessary. 2. 2 Analyze the impact of health safety policy on health social care practice and its customers. Healthy and safety working condition is very beneficial to all people who directly and indirectly related to health and social care practice. Health and safety policies have impact on the practice and the institution, the employers, staff and service users. Carer likes to demonstrate their effort and show their best performance in healthy and safe working environment. If employees are free from illness and injuries they are ready to work more and increase their efficiency. Any staff who works in a healthy and safety environment they will do their est to stay in the Job for longer time and they become satisfied. Healthy and safe environment improves the quality of practice as staff is free from hazards at their working place. Also users become beneficial for health and safety policies practice. Therefore users won’t be worried because they are served by safe hands. Users are confident about their health and safety and they feel safe to stay in the health and social care setting. A service user will be at easy to get service from familiar care workers whom he/her knew before. A care worker becomes trustworthy to a service ser and he/her can serve the user for longer period of time. The practice of health and safety is very important for an organisation as it provides healthy and safe environment to the staff, service users and so on. Organisations face fewer losses and risks and threats if health and safety policies are practicing properly in the organisation. 2. 3 Explain what are the ethical dilemmas faced by the care worker when ensuring health ; safety of client. What is a dilemma? It is a situation when someone has difficulty to make a choice between two or more things. Users, families, and carer sometimes face difficult decisions about medical reatments that involve moral principles, religious beliefs, or professional guidelines. Health care ethics is a thoughtful exploration of how to act in the right way and make good choices, based on beliefs and values about life, health, suffering, and death. The most common ethical dilemma arise when a user do not want to take their medicine which is very much important to control their current medical condition. According to the legislation, service users have the right to refuse treatment. They have the right to stop medication at any time they want but it is the care worker duty to prevent etrimental complication in the medication routine. In here, care worker faces ethical dilemmas as users do not want to take medicine and it is their responsibility to render services to the users to promote health and well-being. Sometimes this kind of situation can leads to serious issues like for not taking medicine, the user died and a case is filed against the carer. If the care worker forces the user to take the medication, it will break the user’s rights and it will be consider as abuse. Sometimes users refuse to be cleaned which is very dangerous for them as they seriously njured by open wounds, surgical wounds or ulcers. If the wounds is not properly clean it’s may cause serious infections. Some users who are having mobility impaired will not take help from carer because they want to be independent. It is the users right to decide either they will take the help or not but it is a big risk. If the user falls in an accident for not taking help from the care worker, care worker may sue for neglecting their work and responsibilities. Ethical dilemmas are a complex and diverse issue in health and social care work. Sometimes care workers face some kind f ethical dilemmas when ensuring health and safety of the users. How to cite Nursing Home and Health, Papers

Compose Song Alone Compared To Composing †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Compose A Song Alone As Compared To Composing? Answer: Introducation: It is very simple to compose a song alone as compared to composing it with other co-writers when it comes to the legal consequences of its ownership. There is no mandatory registration of copyrights in Australia. Through the concept of copyright the state provides protection to the person who uses their idea to create a valuable composition. Copyright can be in relation to things such as graphic, images, text and sound. Thus the composition of a song comes under the protection of copyrights in Australia. Whenever a musical track is created there are more than one owners of the copyright. These include the composer by whom the song is written owning the copyright of the music, the person who wrote the lyrics owning the copyright of the literature and music performer owns copyrights in relation to sound recordings (Homan 2015). The copyrights laws in relation to joint ownership of property provide that there is no separate ownership of a property with respect to copyright as per the Copyright Act 1968. This means that if there are four owners of a work the ownership would not be 25% each but all four members would hold 100% ownership of the rights as provided by the case of cecinsky v George Routledge Sons Ltd(1916) 2 KB 325. All co-owners are joint owners of the copyright in a property. The joint owners cannot exercise their rights without the consent of the other owners. However when there is no agreement related to the ownership of copyright a co owner may exercise his right but has to share the profits with the other co owners. For instance if a co-owner decides to conduct a music show alone he has to share the proceeding with the other owners of the song. If the right of any co-owner had been infringed by the other owner compensation can be claimed from them as provided by the case of Prior v Lansdown e Press Pty Ltd(1977) VR 65. In this case the music rights are owned by Mel, the literary rights are owned by Paul the live performance rights are owned by Tom and Kim and the whole bands owns the copyright with respect to the sound recording. As discussed above all of them are joint owners of the copyright which exists in the song and each person is liable to the other in case of any infringement. Thus if a distribution is to be done 20% has to be provided to each person along with the band. The simplest way to sell a piece of music to digital distribution services is through the use of Aggregators. The work of the aggregator is to submit the music to various services across the world along with the collection of royalties from streaming or downloads. More than 40 digital aggregators are operating all over the world. Aggregator can be paid simple fees or they charge a percentage of income. Services like Band camp and Louder charge percentage fees and services which charge per song basis include DistroKid and TuneCore. Aggregators are gatekeepers between the big platforms and individual artists. For instance the constnet which is accepted by iTunes are only from encoding houses which are approved. In theory, an individual artists can send content directly to iTunes from an encoding house approved by Apple. However in most cases the application requirements would not be met by the artists. As provided by Apple, Aggregators are individuals who are expert in providing content to iTunes. They can appropriately format and deliver the consents of an individual to apple for a fee. The maximum numbers of independent songs which are available on iTunes have been given by the aggregator partners. Only those contents which have been encoded and delivered by an encoding house which is approved by Apple. The specific encoding which is necessary for distribution on iTunes is done by the encoding houses. One of the fastest, easiest and least expensive aggregator is DistroKid which is also approved by Apple. The aggregator uploads music into Spotify, Apple Music, iTunes and Google play. The aggregator allows the individuals to keep 100% of the royalties and pays every month. The aggregator claims to be 10-20x faster as compared to any other distributor at a very less comparative price. The aggregator charges only $19.99 to upload songs and albums for a year without limit. Any earning from a track can be routed to any other person easily through the aggregator. The aggregator helps the legal distribution of cover songs and a collect payment when such songs are used by others. DistroKid is the only aggregator which allows unlimited uploads for a year. The aggregator can be used through the process of online sign up at its website (DistroKid 2017). When the music work of an artist is approved and uploaded the artist is eligible to get a percentage of royalty on the musical work. The royalty is provided to the artist in accordance to the terms of the contract they get into. Thus, it is very important for an artist to understand the system of royalty along with other cost which are deducted before the final payment is made. The royalties of the songwriter come from public performance such as when the song is played on radio or any restaurant along with the sales of the single or recorded album. When it comes to the qualities of a recording artist they are only eligible to gain royalty from a single or a recorded album sale. The payment of royalties when it comes to record sales is derived from how the calculation is made. Mostly record contracts are not a very straightforward deal. Recoupment of expenses, taxes fixed deduction the price of the product are taken into account for the customary royalty calculation. Every royalty per centage in the music industry is known as a point. Royalties are provided to the artist based upon total record sales percentage. The percentage is determined according to the size of the market. The company which a person is dealing with and the structure of the deal is also taken into account mobile calculating royalty percentage (Graham 2013). ITunes provider royalty rate of 15% (Apple Australia 2017). However this does not mean that a $50 CD sale hand the artist 7.5 dollars. The price which is paid by the retailer to the record company for the product is known as published price top dealer and the royalty rate is a percentage of this price. In the given circumstances this price is $ 2.19. Under standard royalty rate provided by iTunes as discussed above is 15% of this price. No one is provided royalty on GST and when it comes to music albums the percentage of GST applicable is 9%. Thus, 9% of $ 2.19 account to $ 0.33 which means that the price on which 15% would be provided is $ 1.86. Thus, the actual reality which would be received by the artist would be 15% of $ 1.86 which accounts to $ 0.28. The fees of the aggregator selected has already been paid initially so no percentage would be deducted from this price. Additional fees charged by APRA and AMCOS if their services are availed would also be deducted. The leftover am ount would be shared according to the above discuss criteria where the maximum amount would go to the song writers where is the drummer and the bass guitarist would not be eligible for any royalty on the sale. . References Copyright Act 1968 cecinsky v George Routledge Sons Ltd(1916) 2 KB 325 Prior v Lansdowne Press Pty Ltd(1977) VR 65. DistroKid. (2017).DistroKid is the easiest way for musicians to get their music into iTunes, Spotify, Amazon, Google Play, and more. [online] Available at: https://distrokid.com [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Apple (Australia). (2017). iTunes. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/au/itunes/ [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Homan, S., 2015. The Popular Music Industries.The Routledge Companion to the Cultural Industries. Graham, P., 2013. Australian copyright regimes and political economy of music. InMusic Business and the Experience Economy(pp. 11-26). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Spanking as discipline - pro free essay sample

Spanking, although controversial is an effective form of discipline for children. Parents and parents to be who are undecided about whether spanking is an acceptable form of discipline should first get educated on what spanking is. A good first step would be learning the meaning of spanking. Equally as important is, knowing what is considered a spanking, as well as, when spanking becomes abuse. In addition, knowing the ways spanking may benefit children would help solidify spanking as the best option for discipline. Spanking as defined by oxford dictionary is, the act of slapping especially on the buttocks as punishment for children. Taking into consideration that no two children are the same the recommended ages for spanking are between 3years of age up to the mid-teens. Any type of physical discipline like spanking before age three is discouraged, children younger than age three cannot communicate well enough to know right from wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanking as discipline pro or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In contrast, it is understood that teen agers know right from wrong so, parents may benefit from professional help if behavioral issues continue into the late teen years. In summary, spanking is the use of an open hand to slap the clothed buttocks of a child between the ages of 3 and 15. Spanking for disciplinary reasons is done with an open hand, the use of a foreign object could easily be seen as abuse. For example, the use of a paddle may result in bruising or muscle damage. In fact, any action which may have permanent effects such as, punching, shaking, striking the face, or even pulling the ear would be considered abuse not discipline. Also, in contrast to abuse, the time spent in the act will be minimal, usually lasting only seconds. To summarize, a properly administered spanking, should only be done with an open hand, result in mild discomfort, slight redness to the area and should be only seconds in duration. The benefits of spanking are many and of great value. First, as a result of this type discipline being of such short duration, the family can spend more time together. Second, is the enhanced ability to identify and respect authority, a trait that could be useful in the workplace. Third, consider that learning how to accept responsibility and the consequences of actions may lead to better planning abilities. Furthermore, a spanking could save a childs life. Had it not been for the memory of a spanking, Johnny would have ran into oncoming traffic in pursuit of a ball. In conclusion, the benefits of spanking as a form of discipline stretch far and wide. Valuable lessons learned like, respecting authority, thinking before acting and learning from mistakes, make children better equipped to handle adulthood. Furthermore, these children tend to become more productive members of society. Subsequently, becoming positive, productive members of society they contribute to a better community and a world at large. Spanking, is most certainlyan effective form of discipline for children.

Social Cultural Impacts of Tourism

Social Cultural Impacts of Tourism Introduction The social cultural impact of tourism refers to the positive and negative effect or impact of tourism on the cultural heritage, traditions, customs, and social life style of host communities. This paper will look at the positive and negative socios of authentic cultural elements that may be staged out of context for tourists include traditional dances, certain rituals or practices, the wearing of traditional dresses purely for the benefit of tourists, and the re-enactment of long gone or ancient lifestyles. In all the above, while these elements may be an authentic representation of how the hosts used to live, they may not be a true reflection of how they live today, and hence the representation is reduced to a mere staging of something. As an example, think of an authentic traditional dance performance by singers in animal skins at the Market Theatre in Johannesburg. The problem with this performance is that it may not be a true reflection of the contemporary and living culture of the place, and might even reinforce tourist’s perception that, in this particular case, Africans are still primitive.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Factors that Influence the Social Cultural Impact of Tourism In general, the social cultural impact of tourism is not the same across the world, and a number of factors affect the impact of tourism on any community. Ordinarily, most tourist-host interactions occur at the tourist destination region, when tourists purchase goods and services from local people, when tourists and local residents use the same facilities such as beaches, shops, restaurants, and other amenities and infrastructure, or when they purposefully meet to exchange ideas and information. The type of interaction between tourists and hosts influence the relationship and the attitudes they have towards each other, and this in turn influences the social cultural impact of tourism (Wang Pfister 2008). The tourist-host relationship and thus the social cultural impact of tourism is affected by the differences between tourists and hosts, the type of contact between tourists and hosts, the importance of tourism in a commun ity, and community tolerance threshold which refers to how willing a community is to bear the inflow of tourists and their influences. These are discussed as follows. Differences between Tourists and Hosts The differences between tourists and hosts that can affect the social cultural impact of tourism are their basic value and logic systems, religious beliefs, traditions, customs, lifestyles, behavioral patterns, dress codes, sense of time budgeting, and attitudes towards strangers. Basic Value and Logic Systems The values and the logic systems of a host community and tourists will determine what they value and how they value it. If the hosts and tourists have different values and logic systems, it could cause attraction or resentment whenever there is an interaction. Religion, Traditions, and Customs When tourists and hosts belonging to different religions come into contact with one another, there are likely to be shocks and new discoveries. For example, the public display of affec tion between males and female Christian tourists may be shocking to many Muslims in the Middle East. Contact between tourists and hosts whose traditions differ might cause greater impact. For example, the scantily dressed tourist may, in the long run, impact on the dress code of many rural communities in Africa. The reaction might be to copy them or loathe them for not adhering to local norms and social codes. Variations in traditional practices can be found even among people of the same race and language. The similarity of customs between the guest and the hosts lessen the possibility of misunderstanding each other. For example, tourists from Cape Town visiting Durban will find many customary similarities to their hosts and may not have any impact on their host community. Differences in customs, however, do not always mean that there will be a negative social cultural impact. Lifestyle Lifestyle differences can be caused by income differences. The rich tend to lead similar lifestyl es even though their cultures may not be identical, as the way they spend their money on property, travel, and entertainment, for example, is usually similar. Such lifestyle differences might have an impact if the hosts copy, envy, or morally judge the tourists, or vice versa (Pizam 1978, p. 98). Dress Code When the dress code of tourists is different from that of hosts, the hosts tend to be either attracted to or offended by the dress of the visitors. In most cases, the hosts tend to envy and copy the dress style of tourists, which may not always be acceptable. Sense of Time Budgeting People from developed countries generally value time and think that it is polite to be on time for appointments. On the other hand, people from developing countries generally have a more relaxed attitude towards time, and are not as strict in keeping appointments. Such differences can be a source of misunderstanding or even conflict between tourists and the host community. Attitude towards Strangers S ome cultures and societies view strangers with suspicion while other cultures are more open towards outsiders. The more open the host communities are towards strangers, the greater the social cultural impact of tourism is likely to be on them. Type of Contact between Tourists and Hosts The type of activities tourists engage in, such as passive or active activities, can determine the type of contact and level of interaction with a community. The more active the activity, the greater the interaction with the host community, and the more likely tourism is to have an impact on them (Lankford 1994, p. 35). For example, formal contact, as in the case where tourists receive services from their hosts, makes it necessary for tourists and the local community to interact with each other and is a platform where cultures, norms, and values are exchanged. Thus, it is an opportunity for both parties to copy the behavior and mannerisms of the other. In a similar way, informal contact that takes pla ce where tourists and hosts share the same facilities such as stadiums, streets, or beaches may have either a good or bad influence on tourists or hosts or both. The Importance of Tourism in the Community The way tourism is perceived by the local people in communities, especially their perceptions about its importance to their livelihood, will impact on tourist-host relationship. In cases where there is an excitement about tourists and the benefits that their presence will bring, the tourist-host relationship is usually good due to mutual admiration between tourists and their hosts (Hafeznia et al. 2007). In contrast, when the novelty of meeting new cultures wears off and tourists begin to irritate the locals, probably due to their large numbers, their competing for the limited resources with locals, or the real or perceived ills that tourists bring, tourism might be seen as having less importance and a more antagonistic relationship will begin to develop (Huang Stewart 1996). Comm unity Tolerance Threshold As stated earlier community tolerance threshold refers to how willing a community is to bear the inflow of tourists and their influences. Where the members of a community are less irritable and able to accept tourists regardless of their mannerisms, then tourism will have an impact on them (Aref Redzuan 2010). On the other hand, when members of the host community are irritable, it becomes very difficult for tourists to penetrate their society and the tourism will have little or no impact at all on the local community. Conclusion As explained in this paper, the social cultural impact of tourism is not the same across the world. Various factors that differ from location to location influence not only the type of impact, but also whether those impacts will be negative or positive. The type of interaction between tourists and hosts influences their relationship and the attitudes they have towards one another, and this in turn influences the social cultural imp act of tourism. Typically, the tourist-host relationship and thus the social cultural impact of tourism are affected by differences between tourists and the host communities. Other factors are the type of contacts created and how tourism is regarded by the local community. The location of tourism, such as a rural or urban location or in a developed or developing country, determines whether the social cultural impact on the location will be positive or negative. To a great extent, the number of tourists visiting a location affects the level of impact on the host community. For example, a large number of tourists will have a greater influence on the host community, because there are many chances of a local person meeting a tourist. The origin of tourists also affects the social cultural impact of tourism because there might be notable differences between them and the hosts due to their origin, which might intensify the impact. The stage of tourism development in a destination affects the host community’s knowledge of tourism and attitude towards tourists, and its reaction to tourism. Reactions of host communities in the development stage can include hostility, lack of charity, and imitation. These in turn affect the nature of social cultural impacts that result from tourism. To some degree, the length of the tourist season influences the intensity of the social cultural impact. The longer the interaction, the greater the impact of tourism on the host community will be. Reference List Allen, LR, Hafer, HR, Long, PT Perdue, RR, 1993, ‘Rural Residents’ Attitudes toward Recreation and Tourism Development’, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 27 – 33. Aref, F Redzuan, M 2010, ‘Community Leaders’ Perceptions towards Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism on Local Communities’, Journal of Human Ecology, 29 (2): 87 – 91. Green, R 2005, ‘Community Perceptions of Environmental and Social Change an d Tourism Development on the Island of Koh Samui, Thailand’, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25 (1): 37 – 56. Hafeznia, R, Eftekhari, A Ramazani, I 2007, ‘A Comparative Study on the Tourism Policies in Pre and Post Islamic Revolution of Iran, Case Study: Babolsar in the Coast of Caspian Sea’. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7 (24): 3836 – 3874. Huang, Y Stewart, P 1996, ‘Rural tourism development: Shifting basis of community solidarity’, Journal of Travel Research, 35 (4): 26 – 31. Lankford, S 1994, ‘Attitudes and Perceptions toward Tourism and Rural Regional Development’, Journal of Travel Research, 32 (3): 35 – 43. Liu, Z 2003, ‘Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11 (6): 459 – 475. Long, PT, Perdue, RR Allen, L 1990, ‘Rural Resident Tourism Perceptions and Attitudes by Community Level of Tourism’, Journal of Travel Research, Vol . 28, No. 3, pp. 3 – 9. McGehee, G Andereck, L 2004, ‘Factors Predicting Rural Residents’ Support of Tourism’, Journal of Travel Research, 43: 131 – 140. Murphy, PE 1981, ‘Community Attitudes to Tourism: A Comparative Analysis’, International Journal of Tourism Management, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp.189 – 195. Pizam, A 1978, ‘Tourism Impacts: The Social Costs To The Destination Community as Perceived by Its Residents’, Journal of Travel Research, 16: 8 – 12. Wang, Y Pfister, E 2008, ‘Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism and Perceived Personal Benefits in a Rural Community’, Journal of Travel Research, 47: 84 – 93.

In God's Grandeur by Hopkins and Ozymandias by Shelley, which speaker Essay

In God's Grandeur by Hopkins and Ozymandias by Shelley, which speaker makes a more convincing argument against human ambition How does he do it - Essay Example The speaker discusses the message he received from a traveler about a sculpture in Egypt. Evidently, both poems give attention to human ambitions, although in different perspectives. This paper will highlight how each poem develops a convincing argument against human ambition. Evidently, the speakers in each poem are against human ambition, as this paper will depict. In the poem titled Gods Grandeur, the speaker says, â€Å"The world is charged with the grandeur of God/ It will flame out, like shining from shook foil; / It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil† (1-3). In these three lines, the speaker suggests that God’s glory has evidently filled the world, causing it to shine and flair. In addition, God’s glory causes intense flashes of light to be evident on the earth. The speaker compares God’s greatness and His works on earth to an electric current charging the earth. However, after introducing the measure of God’s greatness exhibited on the earth, the speaker goes forth to discuss how human beings do not heed God’s spirit but rather choose to destroy the earth. The speaker says the following, In the above lines, the speaker pinpoints how different generations have been working on the earth with their activities having negative effects on the earth. It is unfortunate that human beings have occupied different parts of the earth and immensely destroyed nature. For example, during the industrial revolution, all the vegetation was cut down and tall buildings replaced the tree. The speaker makes it evident that human beings have lost any connection to nature. He uses the last line in that stanza to highlight that human beings wear shoes that serve as a barrier between their feet and the earth. For this reason, it becomes impossible for human beings to remember the advantages of living in harmony with nature. In the second stanza, the speaker highlights how God’s greatness keeps renewing the earth despite the destruction caused

Hispanic Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hispanic Diversity - Essay Example Diverse workforce acts as a competitive advantage to the companies. To a large extent organizational performance depends on handling its diversity issues. For selling products and services companies needs to handle many diversity issues because of their wide range of diverse customers. Organizations need to know diverse language, cultures, customers etc for fulfilling the needs and requirements of their customers and employees. This facilitates the company in achieving their goals and objectives (Jose 141). When a company understands the diverse needs, expectations and requirements of its organizational members and customer then it can enhance its business process and services which facilitates the firm in improving its performance and holding its place in the competitive global market. People of different cultures and countries are presently residing in U.S. Spanish people are presently dominating the U.S market. Business people, students, serviceman etc reside in U.S. Other than Spanish, people from another country like China, Latin America etc reside in the U.S. the basic differences among these people are in their culture, customs, habits etc. Hispanic people have covered the maximum part of U.S market. Hispanic people are very much associated with their family, unlike the present American people. The Spanish and Latinos people take care of their parents when they grow old. But the people of other cultures residing in America are very much concerned about themselves. American society believes in individualism but Hispanic people believe in collectivism. People of different income level stay in the U.S which enhances the socioeconomic differences in this state (Maffi 140). The market and workplaces of U.S are characterized with all of these differences for which companies operating in U.S market are trying to manage diversity issues.

Creating a Social Program Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Creating a Social Program - Term Paper Example Mentally ill persons in criminal justice system: Most of the mentally ill people are held in jail because they pose a good amount of threat to the people and to themselves. Previously the treatment incorporated insulin induced comas, freezing baths and shock treatment but in the late 1950’s the entire psychological fitness scene changed with the innovation and expansion of anti-psychotic treatment options. Mostly the offenders with the psychological illness do not get any sort of medications or special treatment during imprisonment. As a result of this lack of treatment facilities the conditions can get worse. The offenders may become a serious threat to the society or to themselves when they leave the jail. Therefore within the legal justice structure, the psychological health cases continue to be a serious challenge (Tracy, 2009) Treatment with mentally ill people: Sometimes the law enforcing people are not aware of the problem so the mentally ill people are kept with the no rmal prisoners but if diagnosed the mentally ill people in jails are not treated very well, as there is restriction with their movement in the jails, not allowed to meet people, less or almost no recreational activities etc. For apparent reasons, they are not provided with the televisions in their cells. The security concerns make it near to impossible for the correctional care takes and officials to take them to the fitness and exercise patio. These people are only allowed for 15 to 20 minutes to go out of their cells and provided them with the opportunity to have shower. Even this activity is also monitored. Usually the officers who are responsible for the security of these mentally ill people are not trained very properly so sometimes in odd situations they are not able to understand about how to deal with the particular situation and the consequences could be severe (James & Glaze, 2006). Aims: Our main aim is to propose and apply collaborative efforts among unlawful justice and psychological fitness systems. The program’s objective is to make improvement in the access system and to provide efficient handling for people with psychological problems concerned with the justice structure. The aim can be achieved through proper arrest, society based management, court appearances etc. It has been expected that almost one third or up to half of the imprisonments can be avoided if the mentally sick people are sent to proper places rather than taking them into the jails. A huge amount of money can be saved by simple changes in the system. It is proposed that if specialized training is provided to the officers most volatile situations can be avoided. Based on the guidance the officer will be able to distinguish between the normal and mentally ill people. He will use the techniques and methods which have been developed during the training period and as a result there will be a non violent ending of the faced encounter. Timeline: The timeline for the given proj ect is three years. Each year the program will be thoroughly evaluated for excellence. Policy Elements: 1. The police stations of few specific areas will be taken as subjects and special Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training will be provided to all the correctional officers who deal with such mentally ill people in jails. The training will be provided only to the officers who come in direct contact with the patients and not the other staff. 2. There are some police

Religion Essays Buddhism in the West

Religion Essays Buddhism in the West There are multitudinous challenges faced by the contemporary Buddhist, not the least of which includes the fact that he is contemporary in the first place. For, the contemporary world is overcome by numerous characteristics, which arealtogether incommensurate with Buddhism. The world of today, insofar as it has been industrialized and further digitized, is one of runaway technology, sound bites, and ubiquitously sought-after shortcuts to everything. The meditative and contemplative nature of Buddhism is rather at odds with the fast-paced West. However, it could not be said that this is the only, nor even the primary, challenge to contemporary Buddhism. There is also a strong sense of its minority nature in the West. TWO UNFORTUNATE OUTCOMES OF THE FAST-PACED WORLD The Anti-Contemplative Nature of the Fast-Paced World Thetraditions of contemplation/meditation in Buddhism are very basic to thereligion itself. When meditation occurs, contemplation seems to go with alongwith it. Meditation is that instrument which allows a Buddhist to withdrawfrom the ceaseless stream of relentless memories, daydreams, fears, andfantasies, (Jeffery Paine, Re-Enchantment, 132). In other words,meditation takes one out of those events and things (such as memories) whichare inextricably bound up in the world of suffering (i.e., of dukkha).But, upon this withdrawal from the world, one is able to engage in a type ofcontemplation, which can be conceived as the ability to perceive things asthey are in themselves. That is, there is a distinction between reality asit is (which an enlightened person can see) and reality as it seems to us(which is how those who are still in the endless cycle of rebirth, known as samsara,see things).It is the very goal of Buddhism to see things as they are. This is precisely inwhat enlightenment of a Buddha consists. The seeing of the whole of realityas it is is the very moment of enlightenment, the very moment of attainingBuddhahood. Therefore, the fast-paced world being not at all amenable to theslow nature of meditation/contemplation shows its inability to mesh withBuddhism. The Necessity of Samsara in a Fast-Paced World In hisconcluding thoughts on Buddhism in the West, religion scholar Roger Corlesstakes note of the intrinsically samsaric nature of a fast-paced world. The industrialized anddigitized world is one of addiction. This is one thing that characterizes itmost truly. People especially in these types of countries are addicted to allmanner of things sought to provide a quick fix a way out of the misery ofsamsara. Whether the addiction is toward greed for money, toward lust, drugs,alcohol, or even to psychotherapy, it makes no fundamental difference. In animportant way, one should see that Buddhism itself teaches that staying insamsara is like being in an addiction. Corless states, For Buddhism, it issamsara itself that is the basic drug, and addiction to samsara is the basicaddiction, (Vision of Buddhism, 81-2). Inasmuch as the contemporaryworld is overrun by various addictions to all manner of things which merelyhelp one cope with the reality of the harshness of samsara, to that extent itr emains at odds with the fundamental goal of Buddhism, which is release fromall addition-release from samsara itself. CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH A MINORITY POSITION IN THE WEST Trying to Advance or Defend Buddhism in the Theistic West Therecould be no used denying or downplaying the overall theistic nature of theWest. Whereas Zoroastrianism is a theistic religion of the East, which seemsnot to have had a very lasting effect (R.C. Zaehner, Encyclopedia of theWorlds Religions, 200), contrariwise, the there have been three greattheistic religions of the West, and they have all thrived. The most basic ofthe three, Judaism, has thrived amidst enormous difficulties (e.g., by being,like Zoroastrianism, in its origin a national religion). It has notthrived in the sense of vast numbers of converts throughout the ages. Rather,it has endured through the ages and its own several dispersions from theland originally inhabited by the people, and today it has tens of millions ofadherents throughout the world. Christianity, especially the ancientChristianity of Catholicism and Orthodoxy, has thrived in all manner of ways,including vast amounts of converts ever since its very modest beginnings. Todayit remains the largest religion of the world and has a strong foothold in bothWest and East. Moreover, a distinctive characteristic of historicChristianityis its own self-understanding as the completion or fulfillment of Judaism. Islam,being the last of the three great theistic religions, has mirrored much ofChristianitys success in terms of size and growth through the centuries, eventhough it has no such self-understanding.Though its Western influence has not been quite as strong as that of theoverall Judeo-Christian underpinnings of many Western European and North/SouthAmerican countries, it nevertheless has become today a religion that gives afurther bolstering effect to the already strong sense of theism in the West. Sincewe are using this term theism so much, it might prove useful to give aworking definition of it. Two American scholars in a general critique of allthings pantheistic (including Zen Buddhism) offer in their glossary thefollowing as a definition of theism: belief in one infinite, eternal, andpersonal God who as Creator is distinct from but rules over creation; distinctfrom atheism, deism, pantheism, and polytheism, (Apologeticsin the New Age, 242). It is true that all three major theistic religions ofthe West would equally assent to this definition as a working one with regardto their respective religions. That is, it is adequate as a definition of Godin Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Buddhism, by stark contrast, could not atall be said to be theistic. In Buddhism, there is no belief in one, infinite,and personal God who exists, with reference to everything outside of himself,as Creator of it all. Buddhism would probably be best described as eitherstrictly atheistic, pantheistic , or perhaps provisionally polytheistic. Finite gods,known as devas and asuras, are said to exist in various branches ofBuddhism (Roger Corless, Vision of Buddhism, 142), hence itsprovisionally polytheistic nature. However, it seems that these days, giventhat the atheism of the West is nearly always linked in with the scientisticmaterialism of it, one could see how in this situation, a Buddhist woulddistance himself from atheism. The New Age Stigma in America AlanWatts, Marilyn Ferguson, and Harvey Cox have each, though in very differentways, been indicating that ever since at least the 1960s the West has beenturning toward the East.However, since many of those who first were the largest advocates of such a recentturning Eastward were of quite varying faiths themselves and/or wereprogressives in their understanding of the development of religion, all the great faiths of theancient East somehow were combined with the contemporary thoughts of thesepopularizers of Eastern thought and what was born was the New Age. Various media advocates ofEastern thought (e.g., George Lucas of Star Wars and George Harrison of theBeatles) also helped to usher in the New Age movement by lending popularsupport to it and a widespread familiarity with it. Theproblem for Buddhism in this cultural climate is to distinguish itself from NewAge as an overarching umbrella under which it goes. Buddhism faces the acutechallenge of distancing itself from that which first brought it recently and enmasse to the West.Buddhism in America, for example, has no intrinsic core, and it is thus relianton falling into one or another foreign tradition of Buddhism in order forBuddhists to find expressions of their practice. This, perhaps, only tends toobscure in the publics mind just what is Buddhism. There are so manyvariations of American Buddhism imported from so many Eastern countries thatthe tendency is to simplify them all and place them under an Eastern or NewAge heading, just to roughly categorize them. Buddhism thus has a dualchallenge in many countries in the West in which it is still relatively new. Ithas to define itself relative to the culture in which it finds itself, and itfurther has to distinguish itself from any generically Eastern religi oussystem. Reincarnation: a Hard Sell to Some Relatedto the Western propensity to simplify things is the doctrine of continuation insamsara, as either reincarnation or rebirth. First, a brief note on the commonWestern view of the soul is in order. Two corollaries of theism (which again,is firmly entrenched in the West) are the ideas that every human person has asubstantial soul and there is a permanent afterlife awaiting everysubstantial soul, whether an afterlife for the good (e.g., Heaven) or one forthe evil (e.g., Hell). Within such a framework, therefore, reincarnation (whichis the re-birth of an individual soul) does not sit well. In fact, likeBuddhisms inherent non-theism, there is an incommensurability here too. Therecan be no resolution between the theistic idea of one life to live and theBuddhistic/Hinduistic idea of everlasting lives to live. As Scheck andGorgens note, It is important for every Western novice to remember thisfundamental difference: The West has always sought eternal life, the BuddhistEast, the end of t he cycle of rebirths, (Buddhism, 183). The Idea that a Person Does Not Have a Substantial Soul Relatedly,to suggest that reincarnation occurs is to have an idea of a substantial soulincarnating over and over. At least, this is the view in Hinduism, whichSiddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) inherits. However, it seems that the Buddhaadvocated a slightly different doctrine, perhaps better phrased as rebirththan reincarnation. In rebirth, it is true that births of the same personsare occurring repeatedly over time. However, whereas reincarnation presupposesthe idea of a substantial soul which is incarnated repeatedly, rebirth does notnecessarily presuppose the idea of a substantial soul. In fact, it is likelytrue that Buddhism sees the idea of a substantial and individual soul a beliefwhich is inherently samsaric.That is, to think myself as a separated individual, apart from the whole andbasic nature of reality, is to believe something which is an illusion. However,the idea that one is truly an individual person is an extremely strongWestern belief, whether the Westerner who holds the belief is committed to onetheistic tradition or not. Concluding Thoughts Buddhismof today is faced by many and daunting challenges, and several have beenexplored in this paper. Its minority status is certainly something thancontributes to the challenges, but it also helps to foster a misperception ofits identity with other religious traditions or umbrellas under which Easternthought goes (e.g., New Age). Its challenges to not only consist it this,however. We have also explored the inherently opposed characteristics of muchof the affluent world, whether Western or not. Those countries that areindustrialized and digitized have many quick fixes for the masses to providethem with all manner of temporary relief from the suffering of samsara. Theirony for the Buddhist to explain is that these various devices thought tobring relief are the very things keeping the ones participating in them withinthe bonds of samsara itself. WorksConsulted Amano, J. Yutaka, and Norman Geisler. TheInfiltration of the New Age. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale HousePublishers, 1989. Anderson, Norman. Christianity and WorldReligions: The Challenge of Pluralism. Downers Grove,IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1984. Armstrong, Karen. Buddha. New York:Viking Penguin, 2001. Clark, David, and Norman Geisler. Apologeticsin the New Age: A Christian Critique of Pantheism. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1990. Corless, Roger J. The Vision ofBuddhism: The Space Under the Tree. New York: Paragon House, 1989. Lopez, Donald, ed. A Modern BuddhistBible: Essential Readings from East and West. Boston: BeaconPress, 2002. Ouaki, Fabien, Dalai Lama, and Anne Benson.Imagine All the People: A Conversation with theDalai Lama on Money, Politics, and Life as it Could Be. Boston: WisdomPublications,1999. Paine, Jeffery, ed. Adventures with theBuddha: A Personal Buddhism Reader. New York: Norton,2005. Re-Enchantment: TibetanBuddhism Comes to the West. New York: Norton, 2001. Scheck, Frank, and Manfred Gorgens. Buddhism:An Illustrated Historical Overview. New York:Barrons Educational Series, 1999. Zaehner, R. C., ed. Encyclopedia of theWorlds Religions. New York: Barnes Noble Books, 1997.

Emily Dickinson, TS Eliot, Robert Frost Essay -- Informative, Authors

The three authors that I chose were Emily Dickinson (1830-1886), TS Eliot (1888-1965), and Robert Frost (1874-1963). I chose them because first they all were born in the eighteen century and most of their writings dealt with death and dying. I do not believe the elements that Emily Dickinson would be a good source for me to incorporate into my writing because with her writings I found them very hard to understand, possibly because of the timeline or the fact that she wrote in such a secretive code with words. If we have some familiarity with these means, or formal elements of poetry, our understanding and enjoyment of the poem will be greatly increased (Charters page 762). There were very few of her poems that I could understand or even enjoy reading, I felt a sense of bleakness, despair, loneliness in most of the poems that she wrote. In her poem â€Å"She died—this was the way she died. There was the use of eye rhyme (Charters page 764) when she used the word spied and ended the poem by saying â€Å"upon the mortal side†. Also in her poem I’m nobody! Who are you? Sounds as if she also had a low self esteem by stating that she was a nobody. Today, in the 20th century if a person wrote words as such they would probably be diagnosed with depression with suicidal ideology, mostly because of the poems â€Å"I felt a funeral in my brain, and There’s been a death in the opposite house† all very bleak and gloomy. The best poem of Emily Dickinson to me would be the one â€Å"I never saw a moor† because I like the rhythm of the poem and can completely agree with the direction that the poet is taking the readers and once again I can see eye rhyme (Charters Page 764) with the words Heaven and given within the poem. I actually really enjoye... ...ll become old and to remember our youth, don’t take it for granted. Also, his poem â€Å"To Earthward† was a mixture of lyric poetry (Charters page 811), ode (Charters page 815) and alliteration (Charters page 762). The examples of this mixture would be the use of the words: musk, dusk, honeysuckle, knuckle, salt, fault, love, clove, hand, sand, enough and rough. His writings were not as dreadful and bleak as Emily Dickinson’s poems. The poem â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† was easy to read with a constant rhythm, and there was no question what he was talking about. I believe if I was to choose any of the above writers and incorporate their unique form of writing into my own would be Robert Frost because of his direct approach, the tone that he used, and the rhythmic way he put his words together to make it work for the poem and the audience.